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Front Cover
Indian art -- Great Plains
Front cover of the Walter Bone Shirt ledger.
Walter Bone Shirt Ledger

Inside Front Cover
Indian art -- Great Plains
Walter Bone Shirt Ledger

Point and line-intersect sampling in pinyon-juniper woodlands
Pinyon pines -- United States ; Junipers -- United States ; Pinyon pines -- United States.
Two probability proportional to size (p.p.s.) sampling methods have been adapted for use in pinyon-juniper woodlands. Procedures are described for estimating biomass, stand basal area, canopy cover, tree density, and growth rates using either point...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

A management decision framework for winnowing simulated all-aged stand prescriptions
Forest management -- Computer programs.
The relatively simple set of WINNOW procedures and computer programs for simulating and selecting one best silvicultural/managerial all-aged prescription from many alternatives is described. The selection basis may be sustained annual volume or...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Problems in lodgepole pine thinnings basal live limbs and fill-in regeneration
Lodgepole pine -- Montana ; Lodgepole pine -- Idaho ; Forest thinning -- Montana ; Forest thinning -- Idaho ; Forest regeneration -- Montana ; Forest regeneration -- Idaho.
Leaders that develop from live limbs left on stumps in thinning operations must be removed if thinning goals are to be fully realized. A linear regression model was developed to relate the height of the lowest live limbs of lodgepole pine trees to...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Economic considerations in use and management of Gambel oak for fuelwood
Fuelwood crops--United States ; Oak--Economic aspects--United States
Samples of 90 trees in north-central Utah were examined to determine growth rates for Gambel oak.These growth data were used in an analysis to determine per-stem values of oak as residential fuelwood. Some oak stands in north-central Utah contain...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Susceptibility of ponderosa pine to western gall rust within the middle Columbia River system
Ponderosa pine -- Disease and pest resistance -- Northwest, Pacific ; Tree rusts -- Northwest, Pacific ; Rust fungi -- Northwest, Pacific.
esponse to artificial inoculation by western gall rust. The northern inland populations were highly resistant. Only 28 percent of the seedlings had galls 39 months after inoculation. Three major resistant reactions were observed: no symptoms,...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Effect of heating rate on char yield from forest fuels
Char; Forest fires--United States; Heat of combustion.
Char yield at 500° C has been measured for 40 typical forest fuels, including foliage, wood, small stems, and bark. The effect of changing heating rates was determined from 20° C/min to about 1000° C/min, to simulate a range of burning...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

A transmitter for tracking wildlife
Radio -- Transmitters and transmission -- Design and construction ; Animal radio tracking ; Wildlife monitoring -- Equipment and supplies.
Schematics are presented for a transmitter with an amplifier stage to increase receiving distance. Weight of the transmitter with one battery is 2 ounces, maximum battery life is 45 days, and maximum receiving distance is 2-1/2 miles.
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Components of adaptive variation in pinus contorta from the inland northwest
Variation (Biology) ; Evolution ; Lodgepole pine.
Genetic variation among 83 populations of Pinus contorta from the Northern Rocky Mountains of the United States was studied with 7-year-old trees planted in three contrasting environments. Analyses of nine traits reflected adaptation to biotic and...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Measuring landscape esthetics : the scenic beauty estimation method
Aesthetics ; Land use -- United States.
The Scenic Beauty Estimation Method (SBE) provides quantitative measures of esthetic preferences for alternative wildland management systems. Extensive experimentation and testing with user, interest, and professional groups validated the method....
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Evaluating proposed improvements of public rangelands
Rangelands -- United States
Concepts and processes for economic analysis of a rangeland development project are discussed. Various approaches to estimating the value of animal unit months of grazing use may be used. The actual method employed will depend on the analysis being...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Measuring and interpreting fire behavior for correlation with fire effects
Fire
Attempts to correlate fire behavior to fire effects have been handicapped by the lack of clearly identifiable parameters for quantifying fire behavior. The authors identify two key parameters of fire behavior—heat per unit area and f ireline...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Shade materials for modifying greenhouse climate
Greenhouses -- Climate ; Greenhouses -- Environmental engineering ; Greenhouses -- Shading ; Temperature control.
Effects of several shading materials and methods of installation on greenhouse temperature, and on light intensity, distribution, and quality were evaluated. A synthetic fiber shade cloth installed outside produced lowest greenhouse temperatures....
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Estimating costs of collecting and transporting forest residues in the Northern Rocky Mountain region
Clearcutting -- Rocky Mountains Region -- Costs ; Slash (Logging) -- Rocky Mountains Region -- Costs.
A model is presented for computing the costs of harvesting forest residues, based on several key characteristics of the residues and the logging area. Costs per unit are presented in tabular form for several alternative harvesting methods.
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Influences of logging and weather on elk distribution in western Montana
Elk -- Montana.
Distributions of elk pellet groups on an area of 215 km (80 mi ) were examined for a period of 8 years. Recorded changes in annual distribution describe both elk movement in response to disturbances in the forest environment and elk habitat...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Influence of forest and rangeland management on anadromous fish habitat in western North America : Planning forest roads to protect Salmonid habitat
Anadromous fishes. ; Forest management - - United States. ; Range management - - United States. ; Salmon. ; Trout.
The construction and existence of forest roads, landings, and decking areas may have significant effects on anadromous fish habitat. Major effects discussed in this paper are increased sedimentation from transportation networks, the hindrance to...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Influence of forest and rangeland management on anadromous fish habitat in western North America : Processing Mills and Camps
Anadromous fishes ; Forest management - - United States. ; Range management - - United States. ; Salmon. ; Trout.
For nearly 50 years, effluents from pulp and paper mills have been know to be toxic to fish and other aquatic animals. Lethal concentrations have been determined for several species of fish and other organisms. Many factors - such as water...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

National proceedings: forest and conservation nursery associations .
Forest conservation - - United States - - Congresses. ; Trees - - United States - - Seedlings - - Congresses. ; Forest nurseries - - United States - - Congresses
This proceedings is a compilation of 43 papers which were presented at the regional meetings of the forest and conservation nursery associations in the United States in 1994. The combined Southern and Northeastern Forest Nursery Conference was held...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

Fire control planning in the northern Rocky Mountain region
Prescribed burning. ; Fire ecology. ; Forest fires.
In the northern Rocky Mountain region a high degree of protection from fire is necessary to perpetuate forest yields and communities industrially dependent upon them. On rugged and inaccessible areas a green, healthy forest cover is needed for...
U.S. Forest Service Research Legacy Documents

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