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Title	Silvics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis).
Creator	Arno, Stephen F.
Contributor	Hoff, R. J. (Raymond J.)
Description	Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) is a slow-growing, long-lived tree of the high mountains of southwestern Canada and the Western United States. Whitebark pine is of limited commercial use, but it is valued for watershed protection and esthetics. Its seed crops have become recognized in recent years as an important food source for grizzly bears and other wildlife of the high mountains. Concern has arisen because in some areas whitebark pine cone crops have diminished as a result of successional replacement and insect and disease epidemics (Arno 1986). Published information on whitebark pine has been sparse. This paper is a review of the literature available in 1981 and has been updated to include some recent ecological findings.
Publisher	Ogden, UT : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, [1989]
Subject	Pine - - West (U.S.) ; <br> Pine - - Canada. ; <br> Forest ecology - - West (U.S.) ; <br> Forest ecology - - Canada.
Relation	General technical report INT ; 253
Source	A 13.88:INT-253
Date Original	1989-01-01
Date Digital	2007;
Type	text
Format	application/pdf
Resource Identifier	mtg002187
Contributing Institution	The University of Montana
Language	en
Digitization Specifications	Scanned by Lacey Gibbons using an OpticBook 3600 scanner at 400 dpi, 8 bit gray scale. Master images stored as TIFF and derivatives presented as PDF. Abbey FineReader 8.0 used for optical character recognition.

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