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Influence of forest and rangeland management on anadromous fish habitat in western North America : Processing Mills and Camps

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Title	Influence of forest and rangeland management on anadromous fish habitat in western North America : Processing Mills and Camps
Creator	Schmiege, Donald C.
Contributor	Meehan, William R. ;<br> Reeves, Gordon H. ;<br> Roelofs, Terry D.
Description	For nearly 50 years, effluents from pulp and paper mills have been know to be toxic to fish and other aquatic animals. Lethal concentrations have been determined for several species of fish and other organisms. Many factors - such as water temperature, age of fish, and additional stresses - affect the ability of fish to withstand pollution. Kraft mill wastes are generally more toxic than sulfite wastes. The high biological oxygen demand of sulfite wastes is often more serious than the chemical toxicity of the effluents. Studies on the effect of kraft effluents on invertebrates show that none of them are more sensitive than juvenile salmonids and some species are more resistant. Fish habitat may also be affected by mill stack emissions. High concentrations of sulfur dioxide may damage or kill trees and other vegetation.
Publisher	Portland, Or. : Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1979-1985.
Subject	Anadromous fishes ; <br> Forest management - - United States. ; <br> Range management - - United States. ; <br> Salmon. ; <br> Trout.
Relation	General technical report PNW ; 96, etc.
Source	A 13.88:PNW-113
Date Original	1980-08-01
Date Digital	2007;
Type	text
Format	application/pdf
Resource Identifier	mtg002161
Contributing Institution	The University of Montana
Language	en
Digitization Specifications	Scanned by Lacey Gibbons using an OpticBook 3600 scanner at 400 dpi, 8 bit gray scale. Master images stored as TIFF and derivatives presented as PDF. Abbey FineReader 8.0 used for optical character recognition.

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